A new method for shaping matter into complex shapes, with the use of ‘twisted’ light, has been demonstrated in research at the University of Strathclyde. When atoms are cooled to temperatures close to absolute zero (-273°C), they stop behaving like particles and start to behave like waves.
Atoms in this condition, which are known as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), are useful for purposes such as the realization of atom lasers, slow light, quantum simulations for understanding the complex behavior of materials like superconductors and superfluids, and the precision measurement technique of atom interferometry. The Strathclyde study has shown that when twisted light is shone onto a moving BEC, it breaks into clusters of BEC droplets that move following the light’s features, with the number of droplets equal to twice the number of light twists.
Sculpting matter into complex shapes
Altering the properties of the light beam can change both the number of BEC droplets and the way that they move. Grant Henderson, a Ph.D. student in Strathclyde’s Department of Physics, and lead author on the paper published in Physical Review Letters, said:
“By shining a laser beam onto a BEC, we can influence how it behaves. When the laser beam is ‘twisted,’ it has a helical phase profile and carries orbital angular momentum (OAM). Laser beams with OAM can trap and rotate microscopic particles, behaving like an optical spanner.
“This method of shining twisted light through ultracold atoms opens a new and simple way of sculpting matter into unconventional and complex shapes. It has the potential for the design of novel quantum devices such as atomtronic circuits and ultra-sensitive detectors.”
Provided by University of Strathclyde, Glasgow [Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.]
